The Encyclopedia as known up to 2012 was incurring unsustainable losses and the print editions were ended, but it continues on the Internet.[1][2]. Sixty pages of new information were added onto the end of "America," which grew to 138 pages, with an index and new maps. My folks have always been putty for smooth salesmenover the years theyve been cowed into paying too much for a supposedly amazing vacuum cleaner, a set of purportedly indestructible kitchen knives, a home water softener, and too many infomercial gadgets to name. The re-issue of the 9th edition under the moniker "10th edition" caused some outrage, since many articles of the 9th edition were over 25 years old. (1764). (I thought it was just a Britannica wannabe). Anybody have any idea? [31], Taken together, the 35 volumes were dubbed the "10th edition". The 8th edition was published from 1853 to 1860, with title pages for each volume dated the year that volume was printed. With its scholarly, reliable reputation, Encyclopaedia Britannica had not been affected by the popularity of free online website Wikipedia, he said. Two books reprinted almost without change were John Bartlet, The Gentleman Farriers Repository, 5th ed. If you want to learn to suss out the liars, theres no better training than Wikipedia. This inference is supported by Smellies biographer, Robert Kerr, who claimed that Smellie devised the plan and wrote or compiled all the chief articles and recorded how he used to say jocularly that he had made a dictionary of arts and sciences with a pair of scissors. Later Smellie became Secretary and Superintendent of Natural History and keeper of the museum of the Society of Scottish Antiquaries. ", General Wood did not reply immediately but walked to his car. Encyclopdia Britannica, second edition. Encyclopaedia Britannica, for example, charges $1,399 for the standard hardback version of its popular 32-volume Encyclopaedia Britannica for adults. There have been three separate works using the title Encyclopedia Americana . Further, in the latter case, the reader wishing merely to learn the meaning of a technical term had to search through a long article before he could find the information he wanted. A two-volume supplement to the third edition was published in 1801, having 1,624 pages and 50 copperplates by D. Lizars. [48], In 1981, the first digital version of the Britannica was created for the LexisNexis service.[3]. About a year ago, I happened upon this statement about the Monitor in the Harvard Business Review under the charming heading of do things that dont interest you: Many things that end up being meaningful, writes social scientist Joseph Grenny, have come from conference workshops, articles, or online videos that began as a chore and ended with an insight. Conversely, the 53-page "Metallurgy" of the 3rd was removed, and replaced by the note "see Gilding, Parting, Purifying, Refining, Smithery." and a somewhat melancholy article on "Love" that persisted in the Britannica for nearly a century (until its 9th edition): As the force of love prevails, sighs grow deeper; a tremor affects the heart and pulse; the countenance is alternately pale and red; the voice is suppressed in the sauces; the eyes grow dim; cold sweats break out; sleep absents itself, at least until the morning; the secretions become disturbed; and a loss of appetite, a hectic fever, melancholy, or perhaps madness, if not death, constitutes the sad catastrophe. [39] Powell also introduced the Library Research Service (1936), in which owners of the Britannica could write to have their personal questions researched and answered by the editorial staff. Both Medicine (35 pages) and Optics (163 pages), which were treated under the three heads of history, theory, and practice, have indexes attached; the new treatise Pharmacy (127 pages) also had an index. What Thomson did was introduce modern chemical nomenclature without symbolsoxide of tin, chloride of lime, etc. Large blocks of text were carried over, line-by-line, unchanged in their typesetting, with some minor editing here and there. rev. The sales personnel earned commissions from door-to-door selling of the print encyclopedias, which McHenry believes led to decisions about the distribution and pricing of the electronic products being driven by the desires of the sales personnel rather than market conditions and customer expectations.[53]. On December 10, 1768, the Caledonian Mercury and the Edinburgh Evening Courant carried an advertisement announcing that This day is published the editions first part; it further pledged that the encyclopdia would provide Accurate Definitions and Explanations, of all the Terms as they occur in the Order of the Alphabet. The work was issued in parts from December 1768 to 1771 with double-columned pages. 5. Safra introduced severe price-cutting measures to try to compete with Encarta, even offering the entire reference free of charge for a time (around 18 months, from October 1999 to March 2001) on the Internet. I neednt just believe Tony Hawk because hes Tony Hawk. The articles describing World War I and the political changes brought about by it took up a large portion of the supplement, but articles on such things as radio (still called wireless telephony) are informative. As he got into the car, he turned to Bill Benton and said, "All right, Bill, I will give you the Britannica.". I wrote most of it, my lad, and snipped out from books enough material for the printer. It was nothing to be compared to a typical encyclopedia index, such as the ones found at the end of the seventh and further editions of Britannica. The most notable example was Scotland (184.5 pages), which covered Scottish history up to the union with the crown of England in 1603 (Britain, at 80 pages, continued the story) and gave a general account of the country. The encyclopedia, the company says, now lives beyond the bookits volumes of knowledge are now dished up in a variety of online services, DVDs, and mobile apps. Only digital copies were sold after 244 years. [4] Compared to the 1st edition, the second had five times as many long articles (150), including "Scotland" (84 pages), "Optics" (132 pages), and "Medicine" (309 pages), which had their own indices. Britannica countered by offering a CD-ROM version of their product,[49] although it could not generate the print version's $500600 in sales commissions. Were known as being fair even as the world becomes as polarized as at any time since the newspapers founding in 1908. The landmark ninth edition, often called "the Scholar's Edition",[5] was published from January 1875 to 1889 in 25 volumes, with volume 25 the index volume. Encyclopaedia Britannica cost $1400 for a full 32-volume print edition. [5] In the first few volumes, a sheet of onion-skin paper faces each plate, but after volume 6, they were eliminated. Thus, the 9th and 11th editions had 17,000 and 40,000 articles, respectively, although they were roughly equivalent in size. What are Colliers encyclopedias worth? By comparison, when Wikipedia tells me about Lincolns birthplace, it cites its information with a sourceLincoln scholar David Herbert Donalds 1996 biography of Abe. Three of the engravings in the section on midwifery, depicting childbirth in clinical detail, were sufficiently shocking to prompt some readers to tear those engravings out of the volume.[4]. The first began publishing in the 1820s by the German exile Francis Lieber. It even used the preface to the 5th edition, dated December 1, 1817, as its own. In 1996, after 60 years of door-to-door sales, Encyclopedia Britannica laid off its entire remaining sales force in the United States and Canada -- at its peak, around 2,300 employees. Charles Merivale, Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker, Baron Robert Bunsen, Sir John Herschel, Professors Richard Owen, John Stuart Blackie and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin). c. 12 expressly declares, that all his Majesty's colonies in America, have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate to and dependent upon the imperial crown and parliament of Great Britain; who have full power and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient validity to bind the colonies and people of America, subjects to the crown of Great Britain in all cases whatsoever. Presumably, this recent increase reflects the introduction of efficient electronic indexing, since the size of the encyclopedia has remained nearly constant at approximately 40 million words from 1954 to the present and far less than 40% of the encyclopedia has changed from 1985 to 2007. The supplement was compiled, for the first five volumes, at a pace which would have given it more than the 6 volumes it eventually would consist of; the alphabet from A-M was put into those five. Microsoft responded by using content from Funk & Wagnalls Standard Encyclopedia to create what is now known as Encarta. UncleEddiesLot. The work was undertaken by James Tytler (17451804), a brilliant but penniless polymath described by the Scottish poet Robert Burns as an obscure, tippling, but extraordinary body, who was later outlawed for printing a seditious handbill and died at Salem, Mass. [36] Nevertheless, the 14th also included many illustrious contributors, including eighteen Nobel laureates in science, such as Robert Millikan, Albert Abraham Michelson and Arthur Compton. Corrections? I dont know exactly how much they shelled out for those books, but I remember it was a major purchasebig enough that they had to pay on an installment plan, and big enough that when the books arrived in the mail, we greeted them as joyously as we would a new car. Thomas Thomson, who wrote Chemistry for the 3rd edition supplement 40 years earlier, was recruited to write that article again for the 7th edition. [23] Robert Louis Stevenson, then 25, contributed an article about Robert Burns that, being unenthusiastic, was never printed. The 3rd edition began the tradition (continued to this day) of dedicating the Britannica to the reigning British monarch, then King George III. This message will appear once per week In my quick search to find an answer, I was surprised to find that they still publish an annual updated sets of encyclopedias, this year's edition like $ 1,200. Tytler also describes the architecture of Noah's Ark in detail (illustrated with a copperplate engraving). It was the first edition to include a general index for all articles, a practice that was maintained until 1974. The article "America" reprinted the entire 81 pages of the 3rd edition, but appended 52 new pages after it, and an index for the 133-page article. And Roundtree says a fine set of 11th Edition Britannicas can command as much as $3,000. After ending publication of its print edition, which at the end supplied only 1% of the company's revenue,[54] it hoped to transition to a CD or online version. According to what is scientifically held to date, Preveza was conquered by the Ottomans in 1477-1478, was fortified for the first time in 1486-1487, and its fortifications were improved in 1495. [10] After failing to win over Oxford University, Hooper managed to secure Cambridge University as a new sponsor; thus, the 11th edition was published initially by Cambridge University Press, and scholars from Cambridge University were allowed to review the text and veto any overly aggressive advertising. Some long articles were carried over from the 7th edition, but most were completely re-written, and new articles by illustrious contributors were added. [3] The Britannica was published under the pseudonym "A Society of Gentlemen in Scotland", possibly referring to the many gentlemen who had bought subscriptions. Already a subscriber? By 1926, the eleventh edition was beginning to show its age, and work on a new edition was begun. The first page of the supplement begins with the words "Appendix containing articles omitted and others further explained or improved, together with corrections of errors and of wrong references." His widow Helen Hemingway Benton continued to publish the Britannica until her own death in 1974. Save. Nearly doubling the scope of the 2nd edition, Macfarquhar's encyclopedic vision was finally realized. The passage of a few years led to a better perspective on that era. Yet even as publishing industry has created more digital products, it has struggled with financial losses, and Cauz admitted to a "long road to profitability" for many publishers. As the only general reference encyclopedia still published today, The World Book Encyclopedia 2023 provides authoritative content on almost every topic to learners of all ages, from school-age readers (9-18) to adults. To these we appeal, and shall rest satisfied with the judgment they pronounce. Macfarquhar took over the role himself, aided by pharmacist James Tytler, M.A.,[9] who was known as an able writer and willing to work for a very low wage. $350.00 $37.95 shipping or Best Offer 1768 Encyclopedia Britannica 24 Volume Set $1,800.00 Free shipping or Best Offer It was thus intended to satisfy two kinds of readers simultaneously: those wishing to study a subject seriously, who would work their way through the treatises; and those in search of quick reference material, who could instantly turn to what they wanted in its alphabetical order. A selection of the most viewed stories this week on the Monitor's website. How much did a set of Encyclopedia Britannica cost? It had not printed any new sets since 2010. The idea of Mortimer J. Adler was that the Propdia and the Micropdia could serve the role of an index. These appeared in parts from June 1777 to September 1784, though the dates on the title pages are 177883. "[32], The 1903 advertising campaign for the tenth edition was an onslaught of direct marketing: hand-written letters, telegrams, limited-time offers, etc.. Tytler wrote many science and history articles and almost all of the minor articles; by Robert Burns' estimate, Tytler wrote over three-quarters of the second edition. Youre meant to believe what they say because its right there in the bookor, now, online. In this situation the patient suffered to remain till he began to shiver or felt himself uneasyThe patient was then taken out, and, after being wrapped in a linen cloth, was placed upon a mattress, and two hours afterwards his whole body was rubbed with the ointment composed of the leaves of the solanum nigrum and hog's lard. For a full 32-volume print edition, the price is $1400. Unauthorized copying of the Britannica in America was also a problem with the 9th edition (1889). [4] In all, there were roughly 3500 named contributors, of which roughly half were American. It would seem obvious from this that this is therefore the worth of these books. How much did Encyclopedia Britannica cost in 1980? According to Beattie, 9th and 11th Britannica Editions can sell for as much as $300 to $400 per set, if in good, clean condition. [32] The advertising campaign was remarkably successful; over 70,000 sets were sold, bringing in over 600,000profit. This is Britannicas main claim to accuracyit invites experts to write its entries, and then its small army of fact-checkers and editors make sure that everything is correct. Does anyone buy Encyclopedia Britannica? Mathematical diagrams and illustrations were made from woodcuts, and for the first time in Britannica's history, were printed on the same pages as the text, in addition to the copperplates. Although this edition has been faulted for its imperfect scholarship, Smellie argued that the Britannica should be given the benefit of the doubt: With regard to errors in general, whether falling under the denomination of mental, typographical or accidental, we are conscious of being able to point out a greater number than any critic whatever. By mid-1971 unemployment reached a 10-year peak of 6 percent, and inflation continued. The so-called New Encyclopdia Britannica (or Britannica 3) had a unique three-part organization: a single Propdia (Primer for Education) volume, which aimed to provide an outline of all known, indeed knowable, information; a 10-volume Micropdia (Small Education) of 102,214 short articles (strictly less than 750 words); and a 19-volume Macropdia (Large Education) of 4,207 longer, scholarly articles with references, similar to those of the 9th and 11th editions. It consisted of 21 numbered volumes with 17,101 pages and 506 plates. The renowned eleventh edition of Encyclopdia Britannica was begun in 1903, and published in 19101911 in 28 volumes, with a one-volume Index. Its reliance on expert authority may yield mostly accurate information, but it teaches kids to believe everything they read. Andrew Bell died in 1809, one year before the 4th edition was finished. The 13 volumes of the first edition were completed in 1833, and other editions and printings followed in 1835, 1836, 1847-1848, 1849 and 1858. What can I do with old Encyclopedia Britannica? [citation needed], The sale of the Britannica to Americans has left a lingering resentment among some British citizens, especially when it is perceived that parochial American concerns are emphasized. Richard Current says that Lincoln was born in a backwoods cabin 3 miles (5 km) south of Hodgenville, Kentucky. How do I know thats true? Encyclopaedia Britannica cost $1400 for a full 32- volume print edition. How much (in 1965 dollars) did a new (1965) edition of the Encyclopedia Americana cost? Other people alleged to have copied the 9th edition included John Wanamaker and the Reverend Isaac Kaufmann Funk of the Funk and Wagnalls encyclopedia. It was a new work, not a revision of earlier editions, although some articles from earlier editions and supplements are used. The 2nd edition also reports a cure for tuberculosis: He chose a spot of ground on which no plants had been sown, and there he made a hole large and deep enough to admit the patient up to the chin. Add your voice! He later said:[4]. [citation needed] The Encyclopdia Britannica Company had acquired all the rights to the encyclopedia[clarification needed] in America. However, I strongly suspect that the seller is taking the piss and that no one will ever pay that much for them. Not bad when you consider the 2008. We believe news can and should expand a sense of identity and possibility beyond narrow conventional expectations. My sister and I cleared a space on the bookshelf and carefully installed them in alphabetical order. If you pay for this service, youre building a cocoon of truth around students wholl one day enter a world where everyone claims to be an expertand where a lot of those people are lying. The 3rd edition is also famous for its bold article on "Motion", which erroneously rejects Isaac Newton's theory of gravitation. Instead, Dr. Gleig, or more likely, James Tytler, wrote that gravity is caused by the classical element of fire. What was needed was a completely new edition from the ground up. In 2003, Britannica co-operated with a Taiwanese company[51] to provide a Traditional Chinese-English bilingual online encyclopedia following the 2002 edition of Britannica Concise Encyclopaedia (the first bilingual product of Britannica) and announced plans to translate the rest of the encyclopedia into Chinese. In 1893 they published sets with volumes 124 from the original Britannica, the 3 "American" volumes 2527, and the index as Vol. [10] There were roughly 1100 contributors altogether,[24] a handful of whom were women; this edition was also the first to include a significant article about women ("Women, Law Relating to"). In 1816, Bell's trustees sold the rights to the Britannica for 14,000pounds to Archibald Constable, an apprentice bookseller, who had been involved in its publication from 1788. The index was called "Table of the Articles and Treatises Contained in This Work" and was 9 pages long. Only 4,000 are left in stock. [34] The 11th edition retained the high scholarship and eminent contributors that marked the 9th edition, but tempered that scholarship with shorter, simpler articles that were more intelligible to lay-readers. [10] This edition was a commercial failure, losing Sears roughly $1.75 million, after which Sears gave it back to Hooper's widow, Harriett Meeker Cox, and her brother, William J. Cox, who ran the company from 1923 to 1928. how much did a set of encyclopedias cost in 1970, how much is a complete set of encyclopedia britannica worth . It was apparently rushed to completion with volume 6, which contained the rest of the alphabet, viz: Constable also produced the sixth edition, which was completed in May, 1823. Encyclopdia Britannica versus Microsoft Encarta", "CD-ROM Technology Poses Challenge for Encyclopedia Industry", "Encyclopdia Britannica changes to survive", Retrenching from web in 2001, return to book form, Free access and download of the Scribner's 9th Edition, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Encyclopdia_Britannica&oldid=1121066541, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles needing additional references from June 2016, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from April 2016, Articles that may contain original research from April 2016, All articles that may contain original research, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016, Articles needing additional references from November 2010, Articles needing additional references from May 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 10 November 2022, at 09:18. The fifth edition was a corrected reprint of the fourth; there is virtually no change in the text. Bell replaced with W. Archibald or other names on all plates, including the maps. Smellie wrote most of the first edition, borrowing liberally from the authors of his era, including Voltaire, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson. [4] By contrast, Dobson's work had various corrections and amendments for American readers. Collier's standard set of encyclopedias costs $1,499. The 1st edition also featured 160 copperplate illustrations engraved by Bell. The public furor caused The Times to cancel its sponsorship contract with Hooper, feeling that the interests of the newspaper were not being served. This 15th edition had no general index, which had been a feature of the Britannica since its 7th edition; even in the 2nd edition, individual long articles had their own indices. you are agreeing to our, One month free trial to theMonitorDaily, How these HBCU presidents fixed their colleges financial futures, Encyclopedia of evil: a catalog of history's 100 worst atrocities, Five things you need to know about 'the cloud'. By 1996 the price of the CD-ROM had dropped to $200, and sales had dropped to $325 millionabout half of their 1990 levels. [4] When one British expert expressed surprise to Hooper that so many people would want an outdated encyclopedia, he replied, "They didn't; I made them want it."[4]. After the release of a new edition, sales would generally begin strong, and decline gradually for 1020 years as the edition began to show its age; finally, sales would drop off precipitously with the announcement that work had begun on a new edition, since few people would buy an obsolete encyclopedia that would soon be updated. Were run by a church, but were not only for church members and were not about converting people. Get stories that empower and uplift daily. E. H. Powell identified and fixed a key vulnerability of Britannica, namely, that its sales (and, hence, the company's income) fluctuated strongly over the life-cycle of an edition. Bill replied, "Well, General, you know that universities do not have any money. The preface to the third edition regards Macfarquhar as the editor of the first and second editions as well as of the first half of the third edition, but the preface to the Supplement to the fourth, fifth, and sixth editions says that Smellie edited the first. The maps are all reprinted from the 7th edition, even the ones that should have been updated. The "Book of the Year" was published in print annually from 1938 to 2018. [35] The 14th edition took three years to complete, at the then exorbitant cost of $2.5 million, all of it invested by Julius Rosenwald of Sears, Roebuck and Company. In todays news environment, you cant blindly trust anything you seeyou have to question everything for yourself. Completed in 1817, the fifth edition sold for 36pounds sterling (2011: 2,200) and consisted of 20 volumes with 16,017 pages and 582 plates. Stay informed about the latest scientific discoveries & breakthroughs. An intellectual prodigy who mastered advanced scientific and mathematical topics, Smith was a professor of theology at the Free Church College in Aberdeen, and was the first contributor to the Britannica who addressed the historical interpretation of the Bible, a topic then already familiar on the Continent of Europe. With pastepot and scissors I composed it! It was very different from the 11th edition, having fewer volumes and simpler articles, continuing the business strategy of popularizing the Britannica for the American mass market at the expense of its scholarship. Rather than revising the main text of the encyclopedia with each edition, Constable chose to add all updates to the supplement. The parts were bound in three stout quarto volumes of some 2,500 pages, with 160 copperplate engravings by Bell, and dated 1771. Overall, the 4th edition was a mild expansion of the 3rd, from 18 to 20 volumes, and was updated in its historical, scientific, and biographical articles. Being only 187 pages long, it did not warrant its own volume, and was sent to bookbinders with instructions to include it at the beginning of volume 1, the dissertations volume, which had been printed in 1829. [citation needed] Hooper formed a partnership with Clarke, his brother George Clarke, and Walter Montgomery Jackson to sell the Britannica under the sponsorship of The Times, meaning that The Times would advertise the sale and lend its respectable name. Those entries are then fact-checked, edited, and copyedited by Britannica editors, a process intended to ensure that the articles meet Britannicas long-held standards for readability and accuracy. The long s started being phased out of English publications shortly after the turn of the 19th century, and by 1817 it was archaic. To address this problem, Powell suggested in 1933 the policy of continuous revision, with the goal of keeping the Britannica "always timely and always salable". Almost no changes were made to the text, it was basically a remake of the 5th with very minor updates. In 1928, Rosenwald bought back the rights to the Britannica, leaving Cox as publisher. This edition also featured the first American contributor to the Britannica, Edward Everett, who wrote a 40,000-word hagiographic biography of George Washington[4]. This is mainly due to the increase in population of, and sales in, the United States, which were mere colonies with low population when Britannica started out in 1768. Only 4,000 are left in stock. After "Science" is a new 24-page article "Amusements In Science", which is a virtual Mr. Wizard for the opening of the 19th century. "Entomology" was expanded from 8 pages and one plate in the 3rd edition to 98 pages and 4 plates in the 4th, with a 3-page index. Now, the Encyclopaedia Britannica will only be available in digital versions. The second edition improved greatly upon the 1st, but is still notable for the large amount of now-archaic information it contained. Sometimes called the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, this edition is still highly regarded for its lucid explanations of scholarly subjects. The 11th edition employed 35 named female contributors, out of 1500 total (2.3%). "[29] The American partnership sold over 20,000 copies of the Britannica in the United States (four runs of 5000), after which Hooper and Jackson bought out the two Clarke brothers in early 1900. Older sets of encyclopedias can carry excellent value as well, especially if they're in good condition. [50] Facing financial pressure, Britannica was bought in 1996 by Swiss financier Jacob Safra for $135 million, a fraction of its book value. James Wilson did all of Zoology, Dr. Hampden did all of Greek philosophy, and William Hosking contributed the excellent article Architecture. Youll get the Monitor Weekly magazine, the Monitor Daily email, and unlimited access to CSMonitor.com. It contained 30 volumes and 18,251 pages, with 8,500 photographs, maps, flags, and illustrations in smaller "compact" volumes. All in all, the fourth, fifth, and sixth editions are virtually the same as each other. It was published in 40 half-volume parts, priced 16 shillings in boards (32 pounds for the set). How much did Encyclopedia Britannica cost in 1970? We [43] The Micropdia and Macropdia articles are listed in alphabetical order; the 4,287 contributors to the Macropdia articles are identified scrupulously, but the Micropdia articles are generally anonymous and unreferenced. [42] Goaded into action, the Britannica began to work on a new edition, the current 15th. In 1890, James Clarke published the Americanized Encyclopdia Britannica, Revised and Amended which was only 10 volumes, as was the 1895 Belford-Clark issue by the same name (Chicago). Although not all encyclopedias succeeded commercially, their elements sometimes inspired future encyclopedias; for example, the failed two-volume A Universal History of Arts and Sciences of Dennis de Coetlogon (published 1745) grouped its topics into long self-contained treatises, an organization that likely inspired the "new plan" of the Britannica. Or other names on all plates, including the maps are all reprinted from the 7th,!, but were not only for church members and were not about converting people although! Minor updates flags, and shall rest satisfied with the judgment they pronounce 1st, but were not about people! And Treatises contained in this work '' and was 9 pages long classical element of fire cost! Believe everything they read articles from earlier editions, although some articles from earlier editions, although articles... It had not printed any new sets since 2010 the third edition a. 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