April 7, 1967. Once again I faced the thoughts of closing the experiment or letting it go its own course. This shows that many ordinary people will refuse to follow tyrannical orders if it becomes clear to them that they do have a choice. Ron Jones was a teacher at Cuubberly High School. I notice that he never mentioned our class because we were smart enough to know that it was all about showing us different political systems. It follows that when someone has committed irrational actssuch as exterminating a large group of people according to their religion and/or geneticsthey will endeavour to rationalise their actions using any excuse, thus rendering their actions banal, in their eyes acceptable and understandable. This exercise in fascism took place in Palo Alto, California. Faced with this experiment exploding in one hundred directions, I decided to try an old basketball strategy. Even stranger was the gradual improvement in the quality of answers. Hold them tight. Over two hundred students were crammed into the room. did not have this sense of ambivalence of what the hell we are doing here that promotes reflection and inquiry. I found it harder and harder to extract myself from the momentum and identity that the class was developing. The Third Wave Is a nationwide program to find students who are willing to fight for political change in this country. Many of the students were completely into being Third Wave Members. Do you remember the question? How could this be? Ron tried to show his students what it would be like living in a totalitarian environment. According to a former student, Jones did a double take. He was surprised when around twenty of the students made such reports. I told the assembly that a full explanation would take quite a while. Soon the image is the only identity people will accept. The roar of the Nuremberg Rally blasted into vision. Not a single student elected to leave the room. You will not allow your friends and parents to know that you were willing to give up individual freedom and power for the dictates of order and unseen leaders. Hey Felton, many thanks for your comments! Immediately the students realised what had happened and some later attested to the fact that they cried. Like the Germans, you will have trouble admitting to yourself that you come this far. After 5 days students were informed it was an experiment on how NAZIsm spread. He gave them lessons in how to sit correctly, which they also obeyed with little persuasion after being told that sitting properly allowed more oxygen into the lungs, helping them to think more clearly and thus improve their grades. The prompt was given in the imperative, but it highlighted that the imperative was literally lacking. 1967 Original "Third Wave" Class, Palo Alto, California. And profound revelation. The air in the room seemed to be drying up. I demanded that they leave the room. It was the last time I would ask anyone to recite. The events of the experiment were adapted into a 1981 US TV special, In 2001, a musical adaptation written by Olaf Pyttlik premiered at the, "The Pride of Lakewood", a 2010 episode of children's animated series. The photographers were circling the ritual snapping pictures but by now they were ignored. This incidence of monitoring meant that half the class now considered it their duty to observe and report on members of their class. Certain students had started a type of Gestapo and would tell on all those who were breaking the rules, mixing with students from other classes or criticising the movement. By Thursday the class had swollen in size to over eighty students. They even seemed to be asking better questions and treating each other with more compassion. Following the analyses of Israeli-German historian, Yaacov Lozowick, two British professors, Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, have studied the experiments of Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo. The deductions taken from such experiments are strong when they are seen alongside natural experiments, where the events have already occurred in history and have already provided a significant and real basis for the analysis of society. The act of apology. Played guitar and enjoyed drama. Afraid that if I stopped someone would laugh or ask a question and the grand scheme would dissolve in chaos. The advertiser identified his product as the Third Wave. No. He sat in the second row. We get or take an ascribed role and then bend our life to fit the image. in fact I instructed the class in a sitting posture. When and how will this end? Each Student had a job and they weren't to . [9] Jones then assigned each of his students an individual assignment, such as designing a Third Wave banner, stopping non-members from entering the class, or recruiting their friends to join the movement. His students where attached to the order. That's just what Robert did. I made up stories from my experiences as an athlete, coach and historian. I walked over to Robert and threw my arms around him. (From around 2010) Situations in which students were pitted against each other In everything from gym to reading. I walked up and down the aisles of seated students pointing out small flaws, making improvements. I am Mr. Jones. I lectured about the beauty of discipline. By the end of the third day I was exhausted. My heart was pounding. I was increasingly worried about how our activity was affecting the faculty and other students in the school. Students were expected to sit at attention before the second bell, had to stand up to ask or answer questions and had to do so in three words or fewer, and were required to preface each remark with "Mr. Jones". In 3 days the movement had grown to 200 students. However, Ron tried to think that he could transfer that type of instruction to a mixed class of girls and boys who were not prepared for his style of instruction. To make the salute you brought your right hand up toward the right shoulder in a curled position. He calls me Mr. Jones. Meet Minimal Lite, a fresh-faced free masonry layout Blog WordPress theme. Over the course of five days (or nine, according to student Sherry Toulsey), Jones, a member of the SDS,[6] Cubberley United Student Movement sponsor[7] and Black Panthers supporter[8] conducted a series of exercises in his classroom emphasizing discipline and community, intended to model certain characteristics of the Nazi movement. Does This Put The Transgender Debate to Rest? Steve Conigio had been a sophomore student in my World History class. This is different in the case of the Nazi regime, in which imperatives were serious and real. Knowing that one is being monitored changes ones behaviour significantly. It concerned a bewilderment at the German populace claiming ignorance and non-involvement in the Nazi movement. [9] Jones instructed three students to report to him when other members of the movement failed to abide by the rules. The Third Wave had ended. It felt hard to breathe and even harder to talk. The Nazis also hid many of their crimes from their own people, named themselves national socialists (when they were, in fact, not socialist but fascist) and managed to abolish unemployment (food was nevertheless lacking across the country, much like in Stalins Ukraine). It was 12:07. We practiced this new attention position over and over. Anticipation turned to anxiety and then to frustration. The Wave is a made-for-TV movie directed by Alex Grasshoff, based on The Third Wave experiment put on by teacher Ron Jones to explain to his students how the German populace could accept the actions of the Nazi regime. The plea of ignorance. The feeling being correct was more desired than being free. Here are ten bizarre psychology experiments that totally crossed the line. Ron is making a living out of lying about what happened at Cubberley. I called it the Third Wave salute because the hand resembled a wave about to top over. The big lie. It's not going to happen. Milgrams experiment did not, in fact, demonstrate an inherent evil in the ordinary person, blindly and unthinkingly adhering to the demands of a higher authority. Milgram's original "shock box" displayed at the Ontario Science Centre. By the end of the day the movement had over 200 participants. The students chanted their slogan in anticipation. While debating whether to stop or go on with the experiment I talked on and on about community. It's now just a dream, something to remember, no it's something we tried to forget. What was he lying about, in your view? The white glow of the test pattern didn't snap into the vision of a political candidate. Something in all of us. Some of these ethically questionable experiments include the Monster Study, the Third Wave Disaster, Landis' Facial Expressions Experiment, the case of Tony LaMadrid, and the case of David Reimer. Must be a former student. O my Gosh, I thought this story was amazing. The school cook asked what a Third Wave cookie looked like. Moving toward the door and the world outside. But to start. Soon everyone in the class began popping up with answers and questions. Jones told his students of the true nature of the movement as an experiment in fascism, and presented to them a short film discussing the actions of Nazi Germany.[9]. To conclude, the Third Wave Experiment may have been unorthodox, but the Third Wave Experiment produced several insights and conclusions into the nature and mechanism of tyranny. It would not be possible to analyse such experiments without comparing them alongside one another since it takes a comparative study to come up with trustworthy explanations in the social sciences. He then led them in shouting chants of "Strength through Discipline! Our class was called Tech Prep(senior class) and it had only 13 boys in the class. Scratch the surface and it appears. The goal of the experiment had thus been achieved. Finally, for them, it became real, a movement they felt part ofwhile the rest of the United States was immersed in a pro/anti-Vietnam war dispute, these students felt like the Third Wave movement would give them a platform for change. There was much more to see and try to understand. A presence that will not change. Be in the small auditorium ten minutes before 12:00. The Asch conformity experiments were a series of psychological experiments conducted by Solomon Asch in the 1950s. I had to stop for a minute to remember. PS I'd LOVE to hear voices of his former students in general and from his class that he described in specific. (I later found out it was the father of one of the students. Embellished or not, this information is in-valuable and clearly possible. One-third of participants refused to do it, while another two-thirds complied, with a great deal of trauma done to them-and the rats. The student who made the posters said right before she died that it was more like 9 days. For 50 years, the conclusions of such experiments have indicated a certain interpretation of the banality of evil, which is that in each ordinary person there resides a capacity for committing atrocities when confronted with an authority figure. 10. In the faculty room (closed to students) he stood at silent attention while I gulped some coffee. Someone stood up and shouted. The power of the will. Strength through community During the 1960s, Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of obedience experiments that led to some surprising results. ''Is this part of the campaign, Mr. Why did the students accept the authority I was imposing? Shereen Lehman, MS. Be ready to display the discipline, community, and pride you have learned. If Ron Jones was in fact terminated from the school, it is clearly because humanity is afraid to let go and see what is possible. To experience the power of discipline, I invited, no I commanded the class to exercise and use a new seating posture; I described how proper sitting posture assists mandatory concentration and strengthens the will. They included . At twelve o'clock sharp I closed the room and placed guards at each door. Upon receiving this card the new member had to demonstrate knowledge of our rules and pledge obedience to them. In the final twenty-five minutes of the class I introduced some new rules. Therefore, it becomes necessary in some cases to manipulate and monopolise peoples confidence. That you were better than those outside this room. The students, of course, were not evil, in neither a banal sense nor a deep sense. 2010 Third Wave Documentary Film "Lesson Plan". How can people who were neighbors and maybe even friends of the Jewish citizen say they weren't there when it happened. We learned what it felt like to create a disciplined social environment. To give validity to the seriousness of my words I turned to the three women in the class whom I knew had questioned the Third Wave. Would it not, then, have been more morally deplorable for a history tutor to accept the fact that his students were living in blissful ignorance? A societal instinct we hide within our franchise restaurants and T.V. In her book, Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963), Hannah Arendt wrote about the apparent normal psychological behaviour Adolf Eichmann demonstrated during his trial. [9] He wrote "Strength Through Discipline" on the classroom's chalkboard, then enforced strict classroom discipline while speaking as to the importance of discipline. How could the German soldier, teacher, railroad conductor, nurse. They would take the ridicule from the brighter students that participated in a measured and cautious way. In my view and pedagogical experience, a good pedagogical simulation should involve a sense of ambivalence between real and artificial that promotes an inquiry and reflection among the students. I feel entirely compelled to say that any one that takes this as an offensive measure is possibly hiding something them self. Be seated. Students were issued a member card. Was this display of obedience a momentary game we were all playing, or was it something else. Their faces held looks of disbelief. I then proceeded to talk about the meaning of action. it went something like this. While the class sat at attention I gave each person a card. A slogan had been created throughout the first three days by Jones and his class, and banners were posted all over the school, reading strength through discipline, strength through community, strength through action. Lesson Plan, which retold the story of the Third Wave through interviews with the original students and teacher, debuted at the Mill Valley Film Festival in 2010. You are no better or worse than the German Nazis we have been studying. To conclude the session on direct action, I instructed students in a simple procedure for initiating new members. The question here is not why but how the German people came to support the Nazi regime. Answers *tarted to stretch out as students usually hesitant to speak found support for their effort. Returning again to the experiment conducted at Cubberly High School in Palo Alto 1967, we can start to use the newer analyses provided to reassess it. Jones intended only a one-day experiment.[9]. A new member had only to be recommended by an existing member and issued a card by me. Robert is like so many kids in school that don't excel or cause trouble. It was a full page color advertisement in the current issue of Time for some lumber products. Jones was clear, history can repeat itself, but sometimes it does under controlled conditions. A German documentary entitled The Invisible Line (Die Geschichte der Welle) debuted on television on December 19, 2019. But the rally itself. While Jones taught his students about Nazi Germany during his senior level Contemporary World History class, Jones found it difficult to explain how the German people could have accepted the actions of the Nazis. 1981 Todd Strasser (Morton Rhue) Novelization "The Wave". If you will stand up and display what You have learned in the past four dayswe can change the destiny of this nation. We practiced short "silent reading" sessions. We carry it like a disease. Some of their faces were relaxed with smiles that come from pleasing the teacher. We can bring it a new sense of order. The group seemed to be composed of students from many persuasions. I decided to find out. The rabbi for one of the parents called me at home. I turned it off. I felt very alone and a little scared. When the bell sounded ending the period I asked the class for complete silence. Motivations having been identified, it becomes easier to explain why tyrannical regimes can come to fruition and power. [1] Jones wrote a detailed recollection of the experiment some nine years afterward. Thirteen students had cut class to be a part of the experiment. Both options were unworkable. This also featured interviews with Jones and former students. it's right here. The next day, the students assembled in a lecture room at midday. In concluding this conversation I envisioned similar conversations throughout history in which the clergy accepted and apologized for untenable conditions. The advertisement proclaimed in big red, white and blue letters, "The Third Wave is coming." all?) In a high school in Palo Alto, a relatively bourgeois suburb of San Francisco, in Ron Joness history class in 1967, the young students were studying Nazi Germany, when Jones noticed that the students struggled to believe how ordinary people, like the constituents of Hitler Youth, could have allowed tyranny to reign over their country. He then apologized to them for how far it all had gone, and played them a film about the Nazi regime to conclude the experiment.[9]. Emotionally and psychologically they had exposed themselves. Ron Jones has embellished the story considerably since being kicked out of Cubberley High School way back when. I glanced over my shoulder. He was a sensitive and bright student. In objective terms I began to describe the past events. We spent hours later talking about what he felt and did, but from that moment on Thursday morning I was more concerned with what might be happening at school. "Yes.1' "Now listen carefully. Their teacher called the group "The Third Wave," even going so far as to punish an improper sitting posture. Ron Jones always employed unorthodox teaching methods even allowing a white supremacist and a communist to be guest speakers in his classroom. Large numbers appeared in a countdown. Simply upload, import the demo data, and swap out the text and images as you wish! I said chocolate chip of course. As I spent more time playing the role I had less time to remember its rational origins and purpose. "Strength Through Community." Conditions that produce tyranny could be the presence of an apparently legitimate authority, a certain motivational interest, and/or threats and manipulation. When accosted by an English teacher for being a student in the "teachers' room" her just smiled and informed the faculty member that he wasn't a student. So we become the image. It also helps us understand further how the Holocaust could have happened. Can I do it Kr. Lesson Plan: Directed by David Jeffery, Philip Carr Neel. Such disaster and upheaval have led many social theorists to discuss and analyse our society and the system by which we are controlled and by which the powers that be reign over us, despite our struggles and protests. He created an authoritative dictatorship in his classroom. The students had become more and more involved in the project. "Should we wear white shirts?" and not themselves. The tears that fell when they realised they had been so easily deceived were real, and it was a lesson that they didnt forget, as documented in Lesson Plan. Where was this experiment leading? To grab quick solution. This unethical experiment is one of many reasons review boards were created and have made drastic changes in policy over experiments done on humans. Well at last it can be talked about. There must be a program. More than 200 high school students took part and they had their own custom-made membership cards. I wondered if this doesn't happen to lots of people. The only thing that allowed them all to fit was the enforced discipline of sitting in silence at attention. I'm afraid something will happen to you. It was strange how quickly the students took to this uniform code of behavior I began to wonder just how far they could be pushed. The first day, the students acted almost as if it were a game and obeyed the commands of their teacher who they already trusted and respected. A group photograph was taken. For a brief moment it all rushed back. In the library or in gym students would be seen giving this strange hand jive. A belief that demands a strong leader and discipline to preserve social order. By strange coincidence I think it was Steve who started the Third Ways with a question. The intellectual skills of questioning and reasoning were non existent. How could they have lived alongside the slaughter of Jews, communists, gypsies and many more factions of society? they asked. In this case it was Steve running down the street shouting "Mr. Jones, Mr. The other option of just letting the experiment run its course was also out of the question. It was for class members only. If I remember the question. Let me show you your future. If I stopped the experiment a great number of students would be left hanging. A report of the proceedings by George Williams, delegate of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World). it's all right." On Thursday I began to draw the experiment to a conclusion. In staccato words he pleaded that I understand and help him get home. Emotions were mixed and anticipation ran riot, especially since Jones had warned all those who didnt show up that they would fail their history class. Several students had independently created a bodyguard division which physically attacked dissenting students and a reporter for the school newspaper. Tyranny evidently takes hold easier and with much more force than we can imagine, since these students were of course not threatened with their lives, unlike the German people under Nazi rule. At that time, the Nazi regime was being widely studied, and the world asked itself how such atrocities could have occurred in so-called civilised states. It was fun. He was holding on to me and shaking. I waited for several minutes to let everyone catch up. It would later be called 'The Third Wave' experiment. The Third Wave. It would be too painful and demeaning for Robert and the students like him to be twisted back into a seat and told it's just a game. Students showed increased academic skill and motivation. He followed me every- where. They discovered that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from what they should be. To provide an encounter with community I had the class recite in unison "Strength Through Discipline." Milgram Experiment (1961) Yale University social psychology professor Stanley Milgram embarked on his now infamous series of experiments in 1961. Yes, we know in a small way what it feels like to find a hero. In an embarrassed hug we greet. You're walking down the street, eating at a secluded restaurant, or buying some underwear when all of a sudden an ex-student pops up to say hello. This last lesson is perhaps the one of greatest importance. Juden, Kommunisten, Zigeuner, Schwarzethere were labels for people according to what kind of offence or threat they posed to the regime so that everyone would know their place in society. Now that I look back, they appeared much like the child with so called learning disability. he was a body guard. programming. I worried for students doing things they would regret. Returning once again to the analyses made by Haslam, we can formulise different conclusions to the Third Wave Experiment which itself relates closely to other experiments and studies being made in the post-war years. I confided that they were the students selected to represent their area. Upon hearing of our activity he simply lost control Late in the evening he broke into the room and tore it apart. These American students did not believe that they would have been so easily tricked, and their teacher set out to prove them wrong. This lesson was the question that started our plunge in studying Nazi life. It can't be destroyed ", In the midst of this crescendo I abruptly changed and lowered my voice to announce the real reason for the Third Wave. In response to these attestations, we must first highlight the fact that these students werent infants, they were between 15 and 16 years of age. Was the desire for discipline and uniformity a natural need? After a few minutes of waiting, Jones announced that they had been a part of an experiment in fascism and that they all had willingly created a sense of superiority, much as German citizens had done in the period of Nazi Germany. If we can change the way that school is run, we can change the way that factories, stores, universities and all the other institutions are run. The experiment continued. I worried for myself. I was exhausted and worried. [2], The experiment began with simple alterations such as proper seating. No. it was a good question. The Third Wave (experiment) The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could accept the actions of the Nazi regime during the Second World War. I was now standing next to the television directly facing the room full of people. Don't you feel better.". Every person focusing on the T.V. On the contrary, they analysed the very specifics of the experiment to come up with a more thorough hypothesis. Late Wednesday afternoon I found Robert following me and asked what in the world was he doing. I reiterated the importance of this event and asked once more for a show of allegiance. I had a bodyguard. It was a silent signal of recognition. I found him that morning propped up against the classroom door. The Third Wave is a true story about a high-school experiment in fascism that spiraled out of control. Following minutes of progressive drill assignments the class could move from standing positions outside the room to attention sitting positions at their desks without making a sound. On the third day, Jones began to worry that things were going too far. If I suddenly jolted them back to classroom reality I would face a confused student- body for the remainder of the year. I was tearing apart. We would have put on the uniform. It was rewarding to see their satisfaction and excitement to do more. There were the athletes, the social prominents, the student leaders, the loners, the group of kids that always left school early, the bikers, the pseudo hip, a few representatives of the school's dadaist click, and some of the students that hung out at the laundromat. It caused a lot of problems at the school because students were not prepared properly to understand what was being taught. During the days of the experiment I was curious how they would respond to the equalitarian and physical reshaping of the class. They possessed a silent confidence and took pleasure in a school setting that gave them academic and leadership opportunity. On the fourth day, Jones announced that the global movement would put forward the leader of The Third Wave as a presidential candidate of the United States and would be giving a speech on the fifth day, Friday. Pledge allegiance to that society. Everyone was capable and equal. "The first few days, the Third Wave was a game. I just kept talking. You would be walking down the hall when all of a sudden three classmates would turn your way each flashing a quick salute. Every word seemed to be taken and absorbed. Robert was big for his age and displayed very few academic skills. Schoolteacher Ron Jones's personal account of his experiment which created a proto-fascist movement amongst his high school pupils in Palo Alto, California, which in 2008 was subject of the award-winning film The Wave. Oh, you think to yourself that you were just going along for the fun. I explained how at noon on Friday a national candidate for president would announce the formation of a Third Wave Youth Program. Talk about tone deaf. Students must be sitting in class at the attention position before the late bell; all students Must carry pencils and paper for note taking; when asking or answering questions a student must stand at the side of their desk; the first word given in answering or asking a question is "Mr. These experimentations require deductive reasoning and analysishypotheses, antitheses and syntheses must be constantly applied. The room remained in fixed silence but for the first time I could sense people breathing. Evil becomes banal when ordinary people dont want to admit that they are implicated. Some former students explain that their parents at the time didnt talk about emotions, and taught their children to respect the government and authorities, but that the Third Wave Experiment gave them a different point of view on blindly following orders and authoritiesthey appreciated the fact that they had been given the opportunity to see through their naivety. The Librarian thanked me for the 30' banner on learning which she placed above the library entrance. Of believing so thoroughly in yourself and your community or family that you will do anything to preserve, protect and extend that being. The secret must finally be waning. This article is about the social experiment. I have participated in similar experiments and also discovered the innate being inside is so easily manipulated due to a childlike want for approval and purpose being just the way they are. 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