Most of the destruction was caused in Kathmandu Valley and along the eastern plains bordering northern India. Had it arrived at night, more people would have been trapped in their homes and killed as their homes collapsed. He specializes in the quantification and simulation of Zones like Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged. The new specifications promulgated by the Government laying stress on the use of horizontal reinforced concrete of R.B. Journal of Seismology, 20, 733745. the worst was the 1934 earthquake in which more than 10,000 people lost their lives, followed . 13-National Earthquake Safety Day, 2011, Nepal. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. In Patna, many buildings in the bazaar were destroyed and damage was particularly severe along the river. Additionally, Devastatingdisasters.com participates in various other affiliate programs, and we sometimes get a commission through purchases made through our links. The size of the area affected by earthquake-induced landslides depends on the magnitude of the earthquake, its focal depth, the topography and geologic conditions near the causative fault, and the amplitude, frequency composition, and duration of ground shaking. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepals History. Active strike-slip faults and an outer frontal thrust in the Himalayan foreland basin. Everest. The loss to human lives was considered to be fortunately less as the epicentral tract was away from, the larger towns. R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. Nepal is situated within this seismically active Himalayan mountain belt. India As of 27 April 2015 at 4:14 p.m., Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh,confirmed that56 people died in the state of Bihar,12 in Uttar Pradesh,3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan. Maharashtra earthquake, 1993. Bilham R and Wallace K 2005 Future Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw = 9.0 earthquake on Indias eastern plate margin; Geol. 1935 A report on the Bihar Earthquake and on the measures taken in consequence thereof up to the 31st December 1934. , Relief Commissioner, Bihar and Orissa. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13pm IST (08:43 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. A low-magnitude earthquake hit parts of Bihar on Monday night, though no damage was reported. Earthq. Chen W-P and Molnar P 1977 Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in Central Asia; Geophys. It is unlikely that these are the only times that the area was shaken and further similar studies are likely to be of great value. Hill districts of the epicentral zone of the 1934 earthquake tend to lose population, while Nepalese population dramatically increases in the foothills near the Indian border. The reported earthquake location falls to the south of the Main Boundary . ), 2019. The wells were choked with sand, while water levels in tanks became shallower due to sand deposited in the tank beds. Revolutions happen, The two atomic bombings from Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, America is no stranger to the devastating impact a political, Timeline: 1 May 1960: An American U-2 spy plane being, During World War I prices in Germany had doubled, but, The fiasco of the Afghan presidential election of 2009 is, On February 20th, President Vladimir Putin released a warning to the West over Ukraine, by, Do you know how to protect yourself in case of an earthquake? It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. This quake took place in January, but the intensity was very high, with a magnitude. Earthquake Forecasting and Hazard Analysis, This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. About two hundred million years ago an ocean separated India from the rest of Eurasia. Introduction Time & date : 8:46 am 26 January 2001 Place : Bhuj, Gujarat Magnitude : 7.9 Intensity : X Epicenter : 23.419N 70.232E Focal length : 23 kms Season : Winter Damages : Over 18,600 persons are dead and over 167,000 injured. But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. Just after the avalanche, about 200 people were left stranded on the mountain as help couldn't reach them due to the risky condition of the mountain. Shortly after the Bihar Earthquake of 1934, the social workers under a mistaken idea started constructing a bandh across an innumerable waterways blocking the roads and railways, culverts and drainage channels. (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15 1934. The clock in the tower of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m. Half of all electric lines would be knocked out. When constructed c.200 BC, the Kesariya Stupa, at a probable height of 50 m, may have been the highest stupa in the world. Theres never any convenient time for any. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The flood may result due to damage caused to the dams. 6 Celebs Who Lost Their Lives Under the Knife. alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. This damage was barely noted in the first British expedition to approach Everest from the south a year after the earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 57075715. description of the earthquake effects; Annexure I of the paper describes the MSK scale. Survey of India, Calcuta (391 pp). Jamhoor, Aligarh: Champion of Democratic Values, , - -. De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5% of building collapse! On April 25, 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake (and the subsequent 7.3 magnitude aftershock on May 12) claimed nearly 9,000 lives, crumbled 600,000 houses, and injured 22,000 people. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S., Rockwell, T. K., Briggs, R. W., Thakur, V. C., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006). It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia. Am. The country is one of the 20 most threatened countries in the world. Current Science, 69, 101127. Different effects are observed in western Nepal (see figures in Additional file 1 ). Whereas areas like Dhankuta, Sindhupalchowk, Rasuwagadhi, Chainpur, Taplejung also suffered damage. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. The 1934 Nepal-Bihar Earthquake. The 2023 quake may end his rule. Kangra (1905) and Bihar (1934). The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. Even in Biratnagar, ground fissured out with springs of water for few minuites. The earthquake shocks of magnitude 5 to 6 have been recorded in the Garhwal region in 1803, 1809, 1816, 1966, Geological observations on large earthquakes along the himalayan frontal fault near Kathmandu. Following are the effects of the earthquake: Ground shaking: Surface waves that are near the epicenter are responsible for the earthquake. Nepal-Bihar 1934. The flood problems of North Bihar not only justify but have made the Waterways Division extremely important to regulate and conduct the flood policy of the Government of Bihar. For More Information. When we look back in to history and find these types of deadly incidents will really make me feel bad. Duvall, M., Waldron, J. W. F., Godin, L., & Najman, Y. Primary surface ruptures of the great himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255. News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. Most of the damage was due to slumping, fissuring and tilting of the ground.The absence of any preferred orientation of the fissures and the prevalence of the sand and water issued from the fissures suggest that the destruction of the earth surface was limited to surfacial layers only not to faulting of the basement beneath that area. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes. The first was its basic . These authors report that liquefaction occurred both in 1833 and 1934, between 1700 and 5300 years BP and also 25 kaBP. Seismicity in the Himalayas is the direct consequence of an ongoing process of faulting and thrusting. Seismicity of earth and associated phenomenon (2nd ed.). Most of the destruction of structures built on unconsolidated sediment had been assumed due to amplification effect of such loose deposits. Roads and lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & sands too. Heres The Truth! Part of Springer Nature. Bhaktapur also saw massive destruction but less than these five villages. Burrard, S. (1934). 483, pp. 159(1) 165-206, doi:10.1111/J.1365-246X.2004.02323. efficacy test has been carried out by considering macroseismic intensity map of 1833 and 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (shown in Fig. PubMedGoogle Scholar, D., C. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934. listrik dan panas, serta mempunyai titik cair tinggi. News from the country was available only next morning, showing that Patna, Monghyr and Jamalpur had suffered severely. (2016). Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Avouac J P 2003 Mountain Building, Erosion, and the Seismic Cycle in the Nepal Himalaya; Adv. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm. The M6.5 earthquakes affected mostly the far western portion of Nepal mainly Baitadhi, Bajhang and Darchula. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. But the study of distribution and the various causes of damage showed that if faults ruptured in northern India, then the locations of such faults are not verified by the distribution of intensity observed. The Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the main flanks in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government. Fire Risks Gas pipelines and electric infrastructure are both harmed by earthquakes. At Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the river. 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