[30] He was born in Tabaran, a town in the district of Tus, Khorasan (now part of Iran),[29] not long after Seljuk captured Baghdad from the Shia Buyid and established Sunni Caliphate under a commission from the Abbasid Dynasty in 1055 AD. 4.7 out of 5 stars 73. Al-Ghazali details the types of spiritual tortures unbelievers experience, as well as the path that must be taken in order to attain spiritual enlightenment. AL-GHAZALI (A.D. 1058-1111; A.H. 450-505) Nabil Nofal1 Until recently, Islamic thought as propounded by al-Ghazali constituted the predominant school with regard to the theory and practice of Islam (and, in particular, Sunnite Islam). His philosophical studies began with treatises on logic and culminated in the Tahāfut al-falāsifah (The Inconsistency—or Incoherence—of the Philosophers), in which he defended Islam against such philosophers as Avicenna who sought to demonstrate certain speculative views contrary to accepted Islamic teaching. Abu Hamid al- Ghazālī (450-505 AH/1058-1111 AD) [aka: al- Ghazzālī, Algazel ] is one of the great jurists, theologians and mystics of the 6th/12th century. Al-Ghazālī, also spelled al-Ghazzālī, in full Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ṭūsī al-Ghazālī, (born 1058, Ṭūs, Iran—died December 18, 1111, Ṭūs), Muslim theologian and mystic whose great work, Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn (“The Revival of the Religious Sciences”), made Sufism (Islamic mysticism) an acceptable part of orthodox Islam. https://www.britannica.com/biography/al-Ghazali, Center for Islam and Science - Biography of Muhammad al-Ghazali, Jewish Virtual Library - Biography of Abu Ḥamid Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Al-Tūsī Al-°Ghazālī, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Biography of Al-Ghazali, al-Ghazali - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). See also: The Revival of the Religious Sciences Another of al-Ghazali’s major works is Ihya’ Ulum al-Din or Ihya’u Ulumiddin (The Revival of Religious Sciences). [23] The second argument Ghazali makes is that because humans can only imagine the time before the creation of the world, and your imagination is a fictional thing, that all the time before the world was created is fictional as well, and therefore does not matter as it was not intended by God to be understood by humans. Al-Ghazali reluctantly capitulated in 1106, fearing rightly that he and his teachings would meet with resistance and controversy. Therefore, they approach the business perspective with the same ideology and organizational thought. [33], A total of about 70 works can be attributed to Al-Ghazali.[35]. observed that Ḡazālī wrote for different audiences, ordinary men and the elite (pp. Ketahui biografi Imam Al-Ghazali dengan lebih lanjut dalam artikel ini. According to Philip K. Hitti, Al-Ghazali is one of the This long-held argument has been criticized. He describes his philosophical approach as a seeker of true knowledge, a deeper understanding of the philosophical and scientific, and a better understanding of mysticism and cognition. [23], Most Muslims consider[citation needed] him to be a Mujaddid, a renewer of the faith who, according to the prophetic hadith, appears once every century to restore the faith of the ummah ("the Islamic Community"). Fakhr al-Mulk, grand vizier to Ahmad Sanjar, pressed al-Ghazali to return to the Nizamiyya in Nishapur. According to 'Abd al-Ghafir al-Farisi, he had several daughters but no sons.[29]. According to biographer Duncan B. Macdonald, the purpose of abstaining from scholastic work was to confront the spiritual experience and more ordinary understanding of "the Word and the Traditions. Honest seller, honest product, and beautiful product. Al-Ghazali was born in 450 AH or between March 1058 to February 1059 CE with the original name of Abu Hamind ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali. The book is divided into four different sections. London: Cambridge University Press. Imam Ghazali in Baghdad. According to William Montgomery Watt, Al-Ghazali considered himself to be the Mujaddid ("Revivier") of his age. Frequently the same work is found with different titles in different manuscripts, but many of the numerous manuscripts have not yet been carefully examined. Declare your jihad on thirteen enemies you cannot see – Egoism, Arrogance, Conceit, Selfishness, … Nicholson, Reynold Alleyne. Born in Tus, in today’s Iran, Abu Hamid Al-Ghazzali (1058–1111) became a highly influential figure in Islamic philosophy and theology. ", How the decline of Muslim scientific thought still haunts, "Arabic and Islamic Philosophy of Language and Logic", "The Mishkat al-Anwar of al-Ghazzali Index", "Al-Ghazali and the Revival of Islamic Scholarship", https://islamsci.mcgill.ca/Viewpoint_ragep.pdf, "Causality Then and Now: al-Ghazali and Quantum Theory", Full French text of the Deliverance from error, Préservatif contre l'erreur, Ghazali and the Revival of Islamic Scholarship, "Al-Ghazali Contra Aristotle: An Unforeseen Overture to Science In Eleventh-Century Baghdad", https://web.archive.org/web/20120415041817/http://www.intellectualencounters.org/, Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī, Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī, Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām, Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī, Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī, List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam, Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī, Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Ghazali&oldid=992133022, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017, Articles with incomplete citations from November 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, works which are almost certainly not those of al-Ghazali, are the names of the Chapters or Sections of al-Ghazali's books that are mistakenly thought by him, books written by other authors on al-Ghazali's works, books of other unknown scholars/writers regarding al-Ghazali's life and personality. 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