Blasco Nuñez de Vela tried to enforce the law but faced massive opposition among the colonizers and specially the owners of encomiendas. Access to easy wealth, however, was one of the major contributing factors to political instability in the region. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The viceroyalty of Peru had its headquarters in Lima and had jurisdiction over all South America except the Portuguese colony of Brazil. The Viceroyalty of Peru (Spanish: Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained modern-day Peru and most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima. Established in 1543, the viceroyalty initially included all of South America under Spanish control except for the coast of what is now Venezuela. After the Spanish conquest of Peru (1532–37), the first Audiencia was constituted. They served as military auxiliaries in expeditions, as intermediaries between Spaniards and Indians, and as builders of cities throughout the newly founded Viceroyalty of Peru (which until the 18th century encompassed most of Spanish South America). It was governed from the capital of Lima. Viceroyalty of Peru, Spanish Virreinato de Peru, the second of the four viceroyalties that Spain created to govern its domains in the Americas. Viceroyalty of Peru. Folio #2 is a record of the sales tax (alcabala) receipts for Arequipa, Peru … Next lesson. Textiles in the Colonial Andes. English: Location of the Viceroyalty of Peru in orthographic projection, approx. The best kept example of its architecture is Machu Picchu. He was sent by the Spanish crown to restore order in the colonial government and to apply the New Laws. The viceroyalty of Peru had its headquarters in Lima and had jurisdiction over all South America except the Portuguese colony of Brazil. In 1717 the Viceroyalty of New Granada (Audiencias of Santa Fe de Bogota and Quito) was carved out of the Viceroyalty of Peru; in 1723 the Audiencia of Quito reverted to the Viceroyalty of Peru. Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru (Spanish: Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima. Geography was another; Lima’s position along the western coast of South America limited effective communication with Spain, and the rigours of the terrain (the Andes Mountains) made Peru very difficult to govern. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The government of Spain considered the necessity to consolidate authority and reduce the abuse of power and in 1542 created the Real Audiencia or Royal Audience to administer civil and criminal justice. Updates? The truth is that Peru does not know about the problems around it … Viceroyalty of Peru. To improve communication in the colony, in 1717 the viceroyalty of New Granada was created and included Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, part of Ecuador, Guyana and part of northern Brazil. He is mainly being shy, friendly very quiet and sensitive to his friends and neighbors he doesn't want to have problems with others. Then, on Dec. 9, 1824, the Spanish royal army—despite an advantage in manpower and arms—lost the Battle of Ayacucho in the Andean highlands to a revolutionary army under Antonio José de Sucre. Nevertheless, the famous English privateer Henry M… Portrait Painting in the Viceroyalty of Peru. Viceroyalty, the largest territorial unit in the Spanish colonies, and viceroy, its chief executive. The Viceroyalty of Peru Officially the viceroyalty began with the ordinance subscribed by Charles V in Barcelona, on November 20, 1542. Sort by: Top Voted. The following is a list of Viceroys of Peru. Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish colonial administrative district that originally contained most ofSpanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima.The Viceroyalty of Peru was one of the two SpanishViceroyalties in America from the sixteenth to the seventeenth centuries.. Subsequently, in 1543 the Viceroyalty of Peru was established and Blasco Nuñez de Vela was named as Peru’s first viceroy. The Viceroyalty of Peru (Spanish: Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish colonial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima. The Real Audiencia was formed of âoidoresâ or judges who answered to the viceroy. The largest and second most important political jurisdiction in Spain’s American empire after the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the Viceroyalty of Peru came into being in 1542 during the civil wars that wracked the Andes during the conquest of Peru. In 1544, he was sent prisoner to the Island of San Lorenzo and then to Panama where he was let go free. They expanded the naval forces, fortified the ports of Valdivia, Valparaíso, Arica and Callao and constructed city walls in Lima (1686) and Trujillo (1685–1687). Introduction. History In 1550 the Vicereoyalty of New Spain ceded Tierra Firma to the Viceroyalty of Peru. They expanded the naval forces, fortified the ports of Valdivia, Valparaíso, Arica and Callao and constructed city walls in Lima (1686) and Trujillo (1685–1687). The representative of the British executive in Ireland from the Williamite period until independence was known as the Viceroy of Ireland. The Viceroyalty of Peru was one of the two Spanish Viceroyalties in the Americas from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Luis de Riaño and indigenous collaborators, The Paths to Heaven and Hell, Church of San Pedro de Andahuaylillas. The Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish colonial administrative district that was created in 1542 and originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America. The Amazon Rainforest is home to more than 1,000 species of frogs. Omissions? Afraid of losing its colonies Spain restored the encomiendas. A new viceroy, Pedro de la Gasca was sent to Peru to bring back order and he replaced the encomienda with the repartimiento. The Viceroyalty of Peruball was a Spanish colonyball in South America. Viceroyalty, Viceroy. Lake Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in the world. Nevertheless, the famous English privateer Henry M… Early Viceregal Architecture and Art in Colombia. The Amazon Rainforest is also home to more than 10,000 species of mammals, 1,500 species of birds and the Amazon River and its tributaries have more than 3,000 species of fish. In 1542 the Viceroyalty of Peru was established, with capital in Lima. Colonial Brazil. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Viceroyalty-of-Peru. The viceroy of Peru and his generals were taken prisoner, and what was left of the territory that had been the Viceroyalty of Peru became part of the independent nations of Peru and Chile. This revolt spread throughout Peru, and, although Túpac was captured and executed in 1781, the Indians continued to wage war against the Spaniards until 1783, causing disruption of the viceroyalty’s economic life. The Nazca Lines are an exceptional collection of geoglyphs in the southern desert of Peru. ‘The viceroyalty established at Lima in 1542 initially had jurisdiction over all of South America except Portuguese Brazil.’ ‘Spain ruled Peru as a viceroyalty for nearly 300 years after the conquest and regarded it more or less as a huge mine that existed to fill the crown's coffers.’ Later, in 1776 Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and part of Bolivia were incorporated to the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata. The Viceroyalty of Peru was created the next year. More than three quarters of the Peruvian territory lies east of the Andes. In 1543, Blasco Nuñez de Vela was appointed viceroy, governor and captain general of Peru and served for almost two years. It was governed from the capital of Lima. In 1544, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (King Charles I of Spain) named Blasco Núñez Vela Peru's first … Originally comprising all of South America west of the demarcation line established in the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, the viceroyalty extended … Fourteen portraits of the Inka Kings. Established in 1543, the viceroyalty initially included all of South America under Spanish control except for the coast of what is now Venezuela. Folio #1 is a record of royal income and ecclesiastical tax (media anata) receipts for 1734. The region was conquered by Francisco Pizzaro and his Spanish soldiers during the mid-16th century, and it was exploited for its gold and other natural resources. In a series of altercations with the previous colonial government and Gonzalo Pizarro, brother of Francisco Pizarro, the Audiencia disassociated from the viceroy and tried to depose him. The repartimiento was an effort by the Crown to reduce the abuse of native workers who were now allocated by a government official, usually the cityâs mayor, to settlers for a period of several weeks in which they would be paid a small wage or no wage at all. Internal conflicts were destabilizing the Inka empire at the time, and these political rifts aided Pizarro in his overthrow. Price New from Used from Hardcover "Please retry" $23.97 — … The Real Audiencia was formed of “oidores” or judges who answered to the viceroy. It lost significant territory after the creation of the northern Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1718, and the southeastern Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata in 1776. Corrections? Under this law the owners of the encomiendas had to pay their share of tax to the crown and the encomienda system had to be abolished, it also provided for the protection and improvement of native Peruvians lives. 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