All the speakers do not agree on the definition and features of love. Course Hero. Alcibiades´s speech is an important part of the Symposium, because it serves as a companion to Socrates´s speech that precedes it, which is the Ladder of Love. Socrates deduces that this means that Love is not beautiful, to which Agathon agrees, taking back what he stated earlier. Do such modern concepts of "homosexual" or "heterosexual" apply here? If you want to pay for essay for unique writing Analysis of Pausanias’ and Socrates’ Speeches in Plato’s ‘Symposium’, just click Order button. In the first place, Socrates again indicates that there is a connection between eros and religious belief. Search all of ... sensitive, and wise. This essay will refer to ‘Erôs’ throughout interchangeably with ‘Love’, as Erôs is the Greek God of Love, or of passionate desire. How is Agathon's speech similar/dissimilar to the earlier speeches? Accessed December 5, 2020. https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Symposium/. Agathon invites his guests, to make a speech in praise of love. After Socrates’ speech, Aristodemus said, while the others congratulated him, Aristophanes was trying to make a point, because Socrates had referred to his speech at some stage. Symposium is that the speech of Diotima-Socrates, despite (or even because of) its unique features, does not nullify everything that has preceded it nor even tell us exactly what we should think about all the earlier speeches. Again quoting Diotima, he describes the first stage in this process as love of a single physical body. They establish that Love desires what it does not have, something would not desire what it already has, but rather that which it needs. Course Hero, "Symposium Study Guide," September 20, 2017, accessed December 5, 2020, https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Symposium/. In his article, entitled "Why is Diotima a Woman?" Socrates expresses great admiration at the beauty and careful phrasing of Agathon's speech, noting a debt of influence to the great orator, Gorgias. The symposium comes to an end when a large drunken group shows up. The speeches of the Symposium are given as part of a competition of who can “give as good a speech in praise of Love as he is capable of giving” (Plato, 1997, pp. The work itself, in its totality, sets up a configuration of perspectives – all of Agathon’s speech was more clearly comedic. Being quite drunk when he speaks, Agathon is trying to get laughs over all else, focusing on an unrestrained parody of Gorgianic style, adding double entendres, particularly when referring to Socrates. Summary Socrates 's discourse on love is the centerpiece of the dialogue and, in part, a refutation of Agathon 's one-sided speech on the topic. The strictly dialectical part of Socrates' speech (199 C—201 C), which takes the form of a cross-questioning of Agathon, consists, in the main, of a hostile critique and refutation of his speech. Socrates and Critias give political speeches and we fully expect Timaeus to do the same. ISBN-10: 1853264792 It is ironic, however, that while he praises Love for what he is, Agathon uses virtue, a human excellence, as the criterion in praise. At this point, if all goes well, the lover will be well prepared to "catch sight of something ... which in fact gives meaning to all his previous efforts." Based on the Symposium, in Ancient Greece around 416 BC, Agathon hosted an all-male dinner party. Download a PDF to print or study offline. To avoid comparisons to the previous speeches, he asks if he can speak in his own way. Course Hero, Inc. As a reminder, you may only use Course Hero content for your own personal use and may not copy, distribute, or otherwise exploit it for any other purpose. Once again, Plato juxtaposes tragedy and comedy. Symposium is a series of speeches on Love, made by the guests, Socrates, Phaedrus, Pausanias, Eryximachus, Aristophanes and Alcibiades and their host, the young Agathon. Socrates asks what he is then, to which she responds he is in between mortal and immortal; a spirit. It is telling that in the early hours of the night, Socrates speaks to Agathon and Aristophanes about the importance of mastering both comedy and tragedy in writing, as they are the people most fit to hear this, and those who switched roles for the night. Sample paper on by Cheng –Ju Danny Lu: Cheng –Ju Danny Lu. Diotima and Demeter as Mystagogues in Plato's. This is done in order to … An jenem denkwürdigen Tag hielten die Teilnehmer der Reihe nach Reden über die Erotik. To prove Love’s wisdom, Agathon equates Love’s poetry, making those in love poets, the production of animals, and his effect on artisans and professionals as being wise. Socrates now begins to question the truth of Agathon’s speech. Is there any evidence in Socrates of the type of love Nygren calls agape? The discussion of the myth presented in Aristophanes’ speech is compatible with Socrates’ visions of the issue of love because both philosophers consider love as a desire of something or a lack of an important part for people to be complete, love is also the search of the best part or the “goodness”, and the philosophers agree that love is intentional in its nature. Have study documents to share about Symposium? Very many unseemly dinner parties must have paved the way for that regulation. Symposium is also a political text as are all of Plato’s dialogues. Gods are beautiful and happy, Socrates would not deny. Agathon continues on to describe the “moral character,” translated from arete, of Love. Berdiaev has a dramatic sense of the higher and lower in man. Love has the four cardinal virtues of Justice, Moderation, Bravery, and Wisdom. GradeSaver, 13 January 2015 Web. In describing Love as the child of Plenty and Poverty, Diotima, and thus Socrates, provides an explanation for the quality of ambitious betweenness that she will attribute to Love throughout the speech. Agathon begins by explaining how he plans to shift his speech from the previous by describing the nature of Love and celebrating him, rather than congratulating humans on the good things that come from Love. Copyright © 1999 - 2020 GradeSaver LLC. Aristodemus, a great admirer of Socrates, relays the events to Apollodorus, who in turn tells the story to the unnamed Athenian in Plato’s Symposium. A person who is tall would not desire height, as they will be tall for their whole life, but someone who is strong could desire strength, since it is not necessary that they will be strong in the future. 78-82) distinguishing a higher, noble kind of eros from a … They also end the conception of attributing all good qualities to Love; rather than base their idea of Eros on the beloved, they should do so on the lover. September 20, 2017. In Plato's Symposium, a dinner party was held with the discussion of love as the main topic. On pp. The heroes of ancient myth, Diotima asserts, were all "in love with immortality.". The Symposium (Greek: Συμπόσιον) is a Socratic dialogue written by Xenophon in the late 360's B.C. Through the metaphor of… read analysis of Diotima of Mantinea. The true erastes starts by loving the physical beauty of an individual and then, by a series of steps which include the love of beauty in souls, Among his guests were Socrates, Phaedrus, Pausanias, Eryximachus, Aristophanes, and Aristodemus. The Question and Answer section for Symposium by Plato is a great This is the view taken by most modern scholars, but it raises additional questions: for starters, as David Halperin puts it in a noteworthy 1990 essay, "Why did Plato select a woman to initiate Socrates into the mysteries of a male, homoerotic desire?" Socrates in the Symposium, when Alcibiades challenged him to drink two quarts of wine, could have done so or not as he chose, but the diners-out of Horace's day had no such freedom. Also, if Love was the oldest, the violent histories told by Hesiod and Parmenides would not have occurred, since Love brings peace. From there, the lover's focus must shift from physical to mental beauty—the beauty inherent in creative thinking and sound reasoning. He pokes fun at Socrates who is older and was never described at attractive, when saying “Everyone knows that Love has extraordinary good looks, and between ugliness and Love there is unceasing war” (196 A), clearly a jab at the man sitting next to him. 20 Sep. 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2020, from https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Symposium/. Aristodemus: “a little fellow, who never wore any shoes” is the man who told the tale to Apollodorus and whom Apollodorus is quoting; he was at the symposium, but did not deliver a speech (encomium). Diotima Questions Socrates and The Speech of Diotima Summary and Analysis, The Speech of Aristophanes Summary and Analysis. Does Plato's Symposiumseem to validate or to undercut Foucault and/or Halperin in the matter of whether people generally have, most places and most times, understood sexuality more or less the same way? In Plato’s Symposium, Socrates’ eulogy, though delivered with the stated intent of praising love, is not truly about love at all. ISBN: 9781853264795. Aristophanes, a comedic poet, gave a speech which was overall sad, but with lighthearted elements. Gods and men interact through spirits, … Agathon talks about what love is, rather than what it does. A preliminary overview of Socrates’s speech in the Symposiumconfirms many of the suggestions that we have made in the introduction and the previous two chapters. Socrates concludes by saying that there is no better “co-worker with human nature than eros” (212B). Symposium e-text contains the full text of Symposium by Plato. Symposium and The Death of Socrates by Plato Bücher gebraucht und günstig kaufen. 44. therefore, he starts by describing the qualities of the god. One such occurrence of this is in Plato's Symposium and Plato's Phaedrus. 3. Upload them to earn free Course Hero access! He portrays her as having initiated him into the higher mysteries of Eros through a dialectical discussion. How does Plato, using integrative thinking, ultimately find a way to connect erotic love, beauty and the absolute into a unified whole? 201d-204c Quotes. On the Symposium . (PDF) Plato Handout: Socrates' (and Diotima's) Speech in the Symposium | Gregory Sadler - Academia.edu Handout supplied to my students as we work through Plato's Symposium, focused particularly on the content in the sixth speech, given by Socrates … He speaks often of the master of the drinking, who was always appointed to dictate how much each man was to drink. Passage 197D, the concluding passage of the speech, is the most prominent example of this. The symposium we are invited to took place at Agathon’s house. Summarize Phaedrus’s, Pausanias’, Eryximachus, Aristophanes’, and Agathon’s view on the nature of love in Plato’s Symposium. Symposium is central in Plato’s philosophy, since it talks about Love and Ideas. If Love desires these things, he needs them and does not have them. Socrates praises Agathon’s speech once more, saying he will also explore the questions of the qualities of Love himself. People want to preserve qualities they have now that they want to possess in the future. Before he begins his speech, however, Socrates lures Agathon into one of the dialogues for which he is famous, asking him one question after another about the nature of love. Like all the Platonic dialogues, the work, which is very literary, consists mainly of speeches. Symposium and The Death of Socrates im Zustand Gebraucht kaufen. The questioning sets up Diotima’s speech, introducing the idea that love must be a lover of wisdom, to be nuanced by Diotima. 462, §117c). follower of Socrates from Phalerum; he was only 13 when the banquet took place. A tragedian who had just the night previously celebrated his first award as a writer, gave arguably the most amusing speech of the initial six. SOCRATES FINAL SPEECH CHOOSING DEATH BEFORE DISHONOR WORLD FUTURE FUND INTRODUCTION TO SPEECH In 399 B.C, the Athenian government sentenced to death its … In Course Hero. In what specific ways does Socrates take apart Agathon's logic? 40-47, we have two series of questions: first Socrates questions Agathon, then Diotima questions Socrates. In discussing the virtue of Love, he describes the characteristics it is generally divided into, which the previous speeches have described: courage (Phaedrus), justice (Pausanias), temperance (Eryximachus) and he substitutes wisdom for piety (Aristophanes). Although he claims he is merely relating the advice he received from Diotima, Socrates's speech hearkens back to what many of the previous speakers have said. He asks if Love is the love of nothing or something, to which Agathon answers the latter, and then Socrates says that Love desires that which loves it. Socrates Quotes that will help you improve yourself. This "something" is beauty itself, pure and abstract, unattached to any person, object, or idea. It depicts a friendly contest of extemporaneous speeches given by a group of notable men attending a banquet. Before Agathon can respond to this final question, Phaedrus interrupts and beckons Agathon to give his speech praising eros. While The Republic may be more famous, Symposium is the most graphic, intense, and dramatic of the dialogues. Copyright © 2016. Introductory Dialogue and The Speech of Phaedrus, The Speech of Agathon and Socrates Questions Agathon, Diotima Questions Socrates and The Speech of Diotima, Alcibiades' Entrance, The Speech of Alcibiades, and Final Dialogue, Sexuality in Plato’s Symposium and Ancient Greece, Aristophanes' Influence in Contemporary Times: Hedwig and the Angry Inch, Read the Study Guide for Symposium by Plato…, The Impossibility of Evil Without Ignorance and the Progression Toward Good, View Wikipedia Entries for Symposium by Plato…. Unlike Price, Rowe thinks that, in the Symposium, Plato is heavily invested in this moral psychology. After Socrates’ speech, Aristodemus said, while the others congratulated him, Aristophanes was trying to make a point, because Socrates had referred to his speech at some stage. When asking “a brother, just insofar as he is a brother, is he the brother of something or not?” Socrates is asking what a brother is, asking the question what is that which a Form answers. … The Symposium is about love, eros more specifically. Phaedrus goes first. According to Diotima, Socrates says, Love (the supposed deity) is neither mortal nor immortal, neither beautiful nor ugly. Apollodorus relates to an unnamed companion a story he learned from Aristodemus about a symposium, or dinner-party, given in honor of the tragedian Agathon. Plato’s Symposium explores the nature of love through several different telling’s of what love is by philosophers of the time. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Symposium by Plato. While his speech has been considered one of the worst of the group, he does set the reader up for Diotima like the others, as the first speaker to explicitly distinguish between beauty and goodness. Socrates confesses that he has realized that he has no business in trying to eulogize Love, since clearly he knows … The true erastes starts by loving the physical beauty of an individual and then, by a series of steps which include the love of beauty in souls, laws and sciences, reaches absolute beauty itself. However, Socrates’ speech will differ insofar as it will involve more than mere praise (GREEK) of Eros, rather, it will attempt to give a true account of Eros (GREEK)(198e — 199a). Be clear and complete as to the essentials of each view. All the speakers do not agree on the definition and features of love. Course Hero. The speeches of Socrates, Alcibiades, and Aristophanes are of main focus, as their similarities and differences help the reader to decide the truth of the nature of love. Revista de Filosofía 23 (1):159-186. Therefore, Love desires beautiful things, and since he only loves what he does not have, Love needs beauty and does not have it. Socrates praises Agathon’s speech once more, saying he will also explore the questions of the qualities of Love himself. Symposium, Plato’s philosophical text dated at circa 385 to 370 BC, depicts a friendly contest of speeches delivered by a group of notable men attending a banquet.During the discussion, Socrates mentions that, in his youth, he was taught ‘the philosophy of … Socrates's discourse on love is the centerpiece of the dialogue and, in part, a refutation of Agathon's one-sided speech on the topic. Plato describes how starting a dialogue with Agathon and asking him skillfully connected with each other questions, Socrates gradually forces the poet to give up of many things that he had told before. Nancy Evans - 2006 - Hypatia 21 (2):1 - 27. Therefore, he cannot be a god since he does not have good and beautiful things. This is done in order to prepare the way for his own discourse on Love. Strong critics of Agathon however have referred to his writing as being simply imitation. Socrates arrives at the party late, as he was lost in thought on the neighboring porch. Samples of our experts work can be found here.All opinions and conclusions belong to the authors, who sent us this essay. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. In Plato’s Symposium, Socrates’ eulogy, though delivered with the stated intent of praising love, is not truly about love at all. Symposium is a series of speeches on Love, made by the guests, Socrates, Phaedrus, Pausanias, Eryximachus, Aristophanes and Alcibiades and their host, the young Agathon. A shift in focus occurs in his speech again, from Aristophanes’ human conception of Love, to Agathon’s purely divine conception of goodness and focus in praising Love, the god. This is how Socrates responds to Agathon’s speech. Plato’s Symposium includes a lot of exciting ideas on the problem of love presented in the form of the speeches developed by the ancient philosophers and historical personalities. Socrates then engages with Agathon who believes Socrates is trying to playfully threaten him because his sensibility is greater than many fools, and Socrates compels him to agree that he would show shame before the wise, but perhaps not before the many. The speeches. The other major ideas from Socrates's speech—love as a chasing after immortality, and love as an ascent toward pure beauty—are among the most important and influential in Plato's works. Aristodemus: “a little fellow, who never wore any shoes” is the man who told the tale to Apollodorus and whom Apollodorus is quoting; he was at the symposium, but did not deliver a speech (encomium). All agree and he begins his speech by asking Agathon questions. Course Hero. In his speech at the symposium, Socrates resorts to his favorite dialectical method of maieutics. Symposium It is well known that Plato, a devoted student of Socrates, chronicled many of Socrates' speeches and conversations. Socrates adds that good things are beautiful, and if Love needs beautiful things and good things are beautiful, Love needs good things too. Socrates' Speech Makes the image of love (as described by Diotima) dressed/look like himself After this dialogue with Agathon that establishes the foundation for Plato's theory of love, Socrates repeats a new dialogue in which a woman of Mantinea, called Diotima, plays the same inquiring/instructing role Socrates has played with Agathon. Which of these steps is crucial when doing a close reading of nonfiction? Socrates praises all of the speakers, but says that they did not actually praise Love, although they appeared to do so. Instead, Socrates claims that the typical definition of love does not exist and instead praises wisdom. Suddenly, there was a loud noise of knocking at the front door, which sounded like revelers, and they heard the voice of a flute-girl. Socrates’ speech within the Symposium falls short of being a truly convincing account of Erôs, mainly due to the fact that it does not deliver an explanation of what Erôs is but only where it comes from and its purpose in a spiritual sense, but is can still be considered successful in its own right. During the event, the guests decided to hold a speech contest, in which each of them delivered a lecture in praise of Eros, the god of Love. Glaucon Socrates' speech in the Symposium ends with a description of the scala amoris, the ascent towards the highest form of love. Das Symposion (altgriechisch Συμπόσιον Sympósion „Gastmahl“ oder „Trinkgelage“, latinisiert Symposium) ist ein in Dialogform verfasstes Werk des griechischen Philosophen Platon.Darin berichtet ein Erzähler vom Verlauf eines Gastmahls, das schon mehr als ein Jahrzehnt zurückliegt. Thus, there are some similarities and differences between the speech of Agathon and the one of Socrates that I will try to put in evidence in this essay. Agathon wrongly defines them when applying them to Love. The use of lyric meters, internal rhymes, balanced phrases, among other poetic devices parody the teachings of Gorgias on formal speaking. They may happen to be true, but this is just a happy accident. Jetzt online bestellen und gleichzeitig die Umwelt schonen. Diotima defines happiness as possessing good and beautiful things. Plato describes how starting a dialogue with Agathon and asking him skillfully connected with each other questions, Socrates gradually forces the poet to give up of many things that he had told before. On a deeper level, she continues, this drive to seek out goodness and beauty represents an attempt to secure immortality for oneself, either via offspring (physical procreation) or through one's legacy as an artist, philosopher, or statesman (mental procreation). Commentary on Plato Symposium. I’ll try to restate for you the account of Love that I once heard … ... Socrates the Lover in Plato's Symposium - Philosophy Core Concepts - Duration: 15:02. He quotes, with approval, Anthony Price's assessment of desire in Socrates' speech, "we must take the background assumption to be Socratic: happiness is the ultimate goal of all desire" (11). “Our prayers should be for blessings in general, for God knows best what is good for us.” – Socrates. "Symposium by Plato The Speech of Agathon and Socrates Questions Agathon Summary and Analysis". In Plato’s Symposium, Socrates’ eulogy, though delivered with the stated intent of praising love, is not truly about love at all. * For further discussion: Did any earlier speech reflect the concern expressed by Agathon? Other explanations revolve around the existence of Diotima-like figures in literature or drama, or around the notion of procreation as a feminine activity. Its legacy has been far reaching, inspiring religion and mysticism, to visions of art, the good, and the beautiful. Unlike Agathon, only some attendees praise Socrates’s speech, but before Aristophanes can respond to the claims levied against him, a loud hammering is heard from the … Lorena Rojas Parma - 2011 - Areté. However, he insists that parts of the speech are meant in earnest, supported by Plato’s observation in other writings that stripping poetry of its devices leaves only speeches. In Plato's Symposium, the series of speeches about Love that culminate in Socrates' own seem to me to be contrived by the author to run in a similarly ascending order. Notably, Love, as described by Diotima, is not a uniform mixture of "poor" and "rich" qualities, but is constantly vacillating between the two. Even Timaeus is an esoteric account of the political. A paradox arises where he tries to praise a deity, even though that deity is anthropomorphic, in terms of virtue, but to complete his argument abstracts from man. I'm familiar with the concept of integrative thinking but unsure on the details of it that would cover such a complex set of variables. A short summary of Plato's The Symposium This free synopsis covers all the crucial plot points of The Symposium. Then he turns to Phaedrus, telling him this is the speech he has prepared, admitting part of it was in fun, but part of it was still moderately serious. 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