There exist many methods to estimate the parameters of the population regression equation. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa District is responsible for monitoring the Interior Least Tern populations on the Arkansas, Canadian and Red Rivers within the District’s boundaries. Least Tern Species Description Identification At 8–9 inches in length and slightly smaller than an American robin, the least tern is the smallest tern of North America. Least terns that occur in Oklahoma are part of what is known as the “interior” population, which is considered distinct from the least terns that live throughout the coastal and estuarine habitats along the Gulf of Mexico and East Coast. In 1987, its population was estimated at 4,515 adults (Sidle et al. The method of ordinary least squares. They catch their prey in their bills. Least Tern: Population name: antillarum: Breeding range: W Atlantic Coast S of Maine, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean: Non-breeding range: Coasts Colombia - N Brazil: Red List Category: Least Concern: Ramsar regions: Neotropics North America Notes The inland population of the Least Tern is classified as an Endangered species. Unlock thousands of full-length species accounts and hundreds of bird family overviews when you subscribe to Birds of the World. The largest ethnic group in the region are the Macedonians. The most important application is in data fitting. They were listed as Maine’s first endangered species in 1982. allowed San Diego County’s Least Tern population to increase from about 500 pairs in the late 1970s to about 2100–2800 pairs 1997–2002 and nearly 4000 pairs in 2003. Often seen flying low over the water, with quick deep wingbeats and shrill cries. A state management plan was written for least terns in Maine in 1993 and revised in 2007. Nesting Least Terns quickly became a priority on my birding bucket list. The Largest Population: California 39,937,489. At many nesting areas, signs warn people against entering colonies, many of which are roped off during breeding season. 1997) (Fig. (Fig.1). ; Eastern Africa ranks number 1 in Africa among subregions ranked by Population. The California least tern breeding population averaged about 600 pairs between 1973 and 1975. Least tern populations seem to be slowly rising, although they are still listed as 'threatened' by the state. Journal of Coastal Research 5:801-811. World Population Prospects (2019 Revision) - United Nations population estimates and projections. Population Status and Trend - The global population for the least tern is estimated at 65,000 – 70,000 individuals (BirdLife International 2010). The western population, the California least tern, was listed as an endangered species in 1972 with a population of about 600 pairs. As recently as 1985, the breeding population for all Least Tern nesting sites in the entire United States had dropped as low as 3,000 pairs. ; Eastern Africa population is equivalent to 5.71% of the total world population. The interior population of the least tern is listed as endangered under State laws in all of the States named above except Colorado, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Mon-tana (Sidle and Harrison 1990). Pacific and interior populations of least terns are federally endangered. Human encroachment is largely responsible for the least tern's historic decline. Close Burger 1989, Burger, J. and M. Gochfeld. Fish & Wildlife Service. The West Coast and interior populations of least terns were classified as federally endangered as early as 1970. Least terns (Sternula antillarum) are colonial, fish-eating birds that nest on barren sandy substrates in open habitats on rivers and coasts (Thompson et al. Using available information on dispersal of least terns, Lott et al. The current population of Eastern Africa is 449,827,859 as of Tuesday, November 24, 2020, based on the latest United Nations estimates. (2013, pp. Good Turns for Least Tern. In 1984, a state survey estimated the breeding population at 931 to 1,001 pairs. We assessed interior least tern population sta-tus by comparing numbers and distribution of least terns with objectives set forth in the Re-covery Plan (USFWS 1990) and estimating trends in least tern numbers for local breeding areas (e.g., lower Platte River, Nebraska), drain-ages (e.g., upper Missouri River), and the entire interior population. least terns at many nesting beaches particularly in southern California, but efforts to mitigate these threats have not resulted in comparable population growth for plovers (Eberhart-Phillips and Colwell 2014). Our smallest tern. The California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni)(tern) once nested in large, loose colonies on beaches throughout Southern California. Species. 3616-3617) defined 16 discrete breeding populations of Interior least tern, with 4 major geographical breeding populations (population complexes) accounting for more than 95 percent of all adult birds and nesting sites throughout the range. Taxonomic status of this form uncertain. Increasing urbanization and habitat loss have led to the decline of its population and shifted much of the nesting to less traditional colony sites The Least Tern is a priority species for ABC. They do form a superspecies (including Saunder's Tern, Yellow-billed Tern and Peruvian Tern). Conservation Framework. Least Tern: Population name: athalassos: Breeding range: Inland rivers EC North America: Non-breeding range: Coasts Colombia - N Brazil : Red List Category: Least Concern: Ramsar regions: Neotropics North America Notes: Population added in WPE3. The current population of the Eastern Statistical Region is 181,858 citizens or 9.0% of the total population of the Republic of North Macedonia, according to the last population census in 2002. The size of the Baja California population is unknown. Their white forehead contrasting with a black cap is easily seen in flight. I was not aware of this Important Breeding Area until I visited Biloxi several months ago to photograph the birds wintering in the area. Eastern Asia Population History / Eastern Asia Population Projections. Interior least tern is a migratory bird species, nesting along freshwater habitats of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers and their major tributaries and overwintering in the Caribbean and South America. In the early 1980s, the population of the subspecies S. a. antillarum was estimated at 21,300 pairs along the east coast of the U.S., but survey methods were not comprehensive and did not include a significant rooftop-nesting Its downlisting and delisting criteria incorporate the total population size, number of colonies, geographic distribution, population viability, and management status. Our staff organized the first range-wide population survey of the Interior Least Tern; in the near future, the species may be removed from the endangered species list. Nest site selection in Least Terns (Sterna antillarum) in … Least Tern populations in coastal New Jersey: monitoring and management of a regionally-endangered species. Once diminished by hunting for feathers for hats and hurt by the damming of major rivers like the Missouri, the interior least tern population has increased tenfold since 1985, to more than 18,000. The method of least squares is a standard approach in regression analysis to approximate the solution of overdetermined systems (sets of equations in which there are more equations than unknowns) by minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals made in the results of every single equation. Least terns get small fishes and crustaceans by skimming the surface of the water or by hovering, then diving into the water. Sources and Additional Information. ; The population density in Eastern Africa is 67 per Km 2 (173 people per mi 2). 1988), In recent years, both species have nested on fly ash deposited by power plants near the river. Usually hovers before plunging into water for tiny prey; does more hovering than most terns. Each species account is written by leading ornithologists and provides detailed information on bird distribution, migration, habitat, diet, sounds, behavior, breeding, current population status, and conservation. The loss of inland populations has been even more severe, since due to dams, river regulation and sediment extraction it has lost most of its former habitats. population was given Federal and State endangered species status in 1969 and 1971. Threats. Least Tern – The Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Least Tern – The New York Department of Environmental Conservation; Least Tern – The New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife ; Quick Facts. Inland, we worked with diverse government partners to improve Interior Least Tern habitat and monitoring. The last method is by all means the most popular method used in the literature and is therefore the basis for this text. Little Tern Sterna albifrons occuring in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia and Least Tern Sterna antillarum from the Americas. Three‐year running average fledge ratios of 1.13 fledglings/pair for piping plovers and 0.70 fledglings/pair for least terns have been proposed as necessary to maintain a stable to growing piping plover and least tern populations in the AHR (Lutey, 2002). Census Year Population Change 1994 180,039 N/A 2002 181,858 +1.01% Ethnicities. Native. While the bird is still protected by state and federal regulations, the beaches of Harrison County have been a popular Least Tern destination in recent years; volunteers identified sixteen colonies in 2016. Least terns are listed as a Species of Management Concern on the East Coast by the U.S. To be downlisted to "threatened" status, the tern must have at least 1,200 breeding pairs distributed in at least 15 "secure" management areas. Situations such as this make biologists suspect that humans and the family pet are the number one reason the Least Tern population is in decline. Populations are endangered in many areas because of human impacts on nesting areas, especially competition for use of beaches. Until protective legislation was passed in 1918, the least tern population was almost completely lost due to hunting for the millinery trade. According to the Public Policy institute of California, one of every eight United States residents lives here in the Golden State (according to their 2019 data).World Population Review’s statistics show that Cali is way ahead of Texas, with close to 10 million more people. The Little Tern population has declined or become extinct in many European countries, and former breeding places on large rivers like the Danube, Elbe and Rhine ceased. The most common ones are the method of maximum likelihood, the method of moment and the method of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Population. (1990a). They have a yellow bill tipped in black. Introduction. 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